Accounts & TaxFIRE glossary
Defined termTaxable Brokerage
An investment account with no tax advantages but no withdrawal restrictions. Essential bridge for early retirees who need to fund expenses before 59½.
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Roth Conversion Ladder
A tactic to access retirement money before 59½. Convert Traditional → Roth each year after retiring; after a 5-year wait, the converted amount can be withdrawn penalty-free.
SEP IRA
A self-employed retirement account that lets you contribute up to 25% of net self-employment income ($69,000 cap in 2026). Simple to open; no Roth option.
Required Minimum Distribution (RMD)
Mandatory annual withdrawals from most pre-tax retirement accounts starting at age 73. Roth IRAs (owner's) are exempt. Miss one and the penalty is brutal.
HSA
The triple-tax-advantaged account: pre-tax contributions, tax-free growth, tax-free qualified withdrawals. FIRE folks treat it as a stealth retirement account.
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